\u8bb2\u8ff0\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u8f6f\u4ef6\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u8c08\u8d77\u30021949\u5e745\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u51af\u2022\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u7ed3\u6784\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5728\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e00\u5929\u540e\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u65e5\u30021951\u5e74\uff0cIBM\u5f00\u59cb\u51b3\u5b9a\u5f00\u53d1\u5546\u7528\u7535\u8111\uff0c\u8058\u8bf7\u51af\u2022\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u62c5\u4efb\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u987e\u95ee\uff0c1952\u5e7412\u6708\u7814\u5236\u51faIBM\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u5b58\u50a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673aIBM701\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u901a\u5e38\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u7535\u8111\u3002\u6b64\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6210\u4e3aIT\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u81ea\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8bde\u751f\u81f370\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u540e\u671f\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e3b\u8981\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u5927\u578b\u673a\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u72ec\u4ea7\u54c1\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u4f9d\u9644\u4e8e\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed1\u5b9a\u9644\u9001\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4Unix\u6e90\u7801\u66fe\u5411\u516c\u4f17\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u4e0eUnix\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1969\u5e74AT&T\u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7814\u7a76\u5458Ken Thompson\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u5199Unix, Unix\u662f1970\u5e74\u5b9a\u540d\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b641970\u5e74\u5b9a\u4e3aUnix\u5143\u5e74\uff08Unix\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u7531\u6765\uff1aUniplexed Information and Computing System\uff0c\u5373UNICS=Unix\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1969-1977\u5e74Unix\u76f8\u7ee7\u63a8\u51faV1-V6\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7684Unix\u5411\u793e\u4f1a\u5f00\u653e\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\uff08\u65e9\u4e8e1998\u5e74\u5728\u52a0\u5ddePalo Alto\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u9996\u5148\u63d0\u51fa\u5f00\u6e90\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u51fa\u73b0\u4e4b\u524d\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u7684Unix\u53eb\u201c\u524dUnix\u201d\u3002\u4eceUnix\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f2\u770b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Unix\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u524dUnix\u201d\u548c\u201c\u540eUnix\u201d\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u201c\u524dUnix\u201d\uff0c1969-1976\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6Unix\u6216\u53ebAT&T-Unix\uff0c\u5411\u793e\u4f1a\u5f00\u653e\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u662f\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\uff1b\u201c\u540eUnix\u201d\uff0c1977\u5e74\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c1977\u5e74AT&T\u516c\u53f8\u5c06Unix\u79c1\u6709\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u7684Unix\uff08\u6216AT&T-Unix\uff09\u662f\u95ed\u6e90\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u5176\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u662f\u4e0d\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u81ea1977\u5e74\u59cb\uff08\u5373\u81eaAT&T-Unix\u5b9e\u884c\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u5f00\u59cb\uff09\uff0cUnix\u5f00\u59cb\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5206\u4e3aAT&T-Unix\u548cBSD-Unix\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u662f\u95ed\u6e90\u7684\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u662f\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\uff1b1990\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u9662\u5c06Unix\u7684\u5546\u6807\u6743\u5224\u7ed9AT&T\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64AT&T-Unix\u5546\u4e1a\u7248\u6210\u4e3aUnix\u4e3b\u6d41\uff0c\u800c\u7531\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u5206\u6821\u63a8\u51fa\u7684BSD-Unix\u7248\u672c\u53d8\u6210Unix\u7684\u975e\u4e3b\u6d41\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5373\u6b64\u65f6\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u63a8\u51fa\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u4efb\u4f55AT&T-Unix\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u7684BSD\u7248\u672c\uff08\u81ea4.4BSD-Unix\u7248\u672c\u5f00\u59cb\uff09\uff1b\u6b64\u65f6Unix\u533a\u5206\u4e3aUnix\uff08\u5373AT&T-Unix\uff09\u548cBSD\uff08\u5373BSD-Unix\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\u65f6\u5f00\u59cb\u53ea\u53ebBSD\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u53ebBSD-Unix\uff09\u4e24\u79cd\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u662f\u79c1\u6709\u3001\u95ed\u6e90\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u662f\u5171\u4eab\u3001\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\uff1b\u76ee\u524d\u6d41\u884c\u7684BSD\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3b\u8981\u67096\u4e2a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d386BSD\u3001FreeBSD\u3001NetBSD\u3001OpenBSD\u662f\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\uff0cBSD\/OS\u548cmacOS\u662f\u5546\u4e1a\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u81ea1997-1983\u5e74\u540e\u5404\u5bb6Unix\u5546\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\u5148\u540e\u63a8\u51fa\u5404\u79cdUnix\u53d8\u79cd\uff0c\u5982SUNOS\u3001IBM AIX\u3001HP-UX\u3001DEC Ultrix\u3001Windows\u4e0eSCO Xenix\u3001Sun Solaris\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9bUnix\u53d8\u79cd\u5747\u57fa\u4e8e\u201c\u524dUnix\u201d\uff08\u5f00\u6e90\uff09\u6d3e\u751f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\uff0c\u800cUnix\u53d8\u79cd\u5927\u591a\u662f\u95ed\u6e90\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1987\u5e74\u51fa\u4e8e\u6559\u5b66\u76ee\u7684\uff0cAndrew S. Tanenbaum\u7f16\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e\u201c\u524dUnix\u201d\uff08\u5f00\u6e90\uff09\u548c4.3BSD\uff08\u5f00\u6e90\uff09\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edfMinix\uff0cLinux\u662f\u57fa\u4e8eMinix\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\uff081991\u5e74Linus Torvalds\u5f00\u53d1\u5e76\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u5f00\u653e\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edfLinux0.01\uff0cRichard Stallman\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3aGNU Linux\uff09\u3002\u82f9\u679c\u516c\u53f8\u7684iOS\u6e90\u81eaBSD\u53ca\u201c\u524dUnix\u201d\uff08BSD\u4e5f\u6e90\u81ea\u201c\u524dUnix\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u4f46iOS\u662f\u95ed\u6e90\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1971\u5e74\uff0cIntel 4004\u5fae\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c1974\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u4e2a\u4eba\u7535\u8111Altair8800\u7684\u4e0a\u5e02\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca1976\u5e74\u4e54\u5e03\u65af\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u82f9\u679c\u7535\u8111\u4e0a\u5e02\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53d1\u5c55\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u5165PC\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u5185\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e1a\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5927\u5e45\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u968f\u786c\u4ef6\u514d\u8d39\u53d1\u552e\uff0c\u4e14\u5411\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u79d1\u7814\u673a\u6784\u548c\u9ad8\u6821\u7b49\u4e13\u4e1a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7528\u6237\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u7528\u6237\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u786c\u4ef6\u9644\u5e26\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u7528\u6237\u65e5\u76ca\u6269\u5927\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e13\u4e1a\u5f00\u53d1\u901a\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6765\u6536\u8d39\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u613f\u7ee7\u7eed\u5411\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5fae\u8f6f\u516c\u53f8\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5178\u578b\u4ee3\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u8f6f\u4ef6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u57281974\u5e74\u52301980\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\u9010\u6b65\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u7528\u8457\u4f5c\u6743\u6cd5\u4fdd\u62a4\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u57281981\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u9662\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5224\u4f8b\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d7\u4e13\u5229\u6cd5\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u52301983\u5e74\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u516c\u53f8\u90fd\u4e0d\u518d\u5bf9\u5916\u5f00\u653e\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ece\u514d\u8d39\u4e14\u5f00\u6e90\u5230\u6536\u8d39\u4e14\u95ed\u6e90\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u4ee4\u5f53\u65f6\u8bb8\u591a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u611f\u5230\u6124\u6012\u548c\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5c31\u662fRichard Stallman\uff0c\u4ed6\u968f\u5373\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u5f15\u8d77\u5de8\u5927\u53cd\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Richard\u79c9\u6210\u6240\u6709\u8f6f\u4ef6\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u54f2\u5b66\u3002\u5bf9\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ed\u6e90\u4e8b\u4ef6\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u6ee1\u7684\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u5c31\u662f\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4e14\u4e0eUnix\uff08\u5f53\u65f6\u6700\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u95ed\u6e90\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u547d\u540d\u4e3aGNU\uff08GNU\u2019s not Unix\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u7f29\u5199\uff09\u3002\u4e8e\u662fRichard\u4e8e1983\u5e74\u8f9e\u804c\u5e76\u6295\u5165\u5230GNU\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1985\u5e74\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u8f6f\u4ef6\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff08Free Software Foundation\uff0cFSF\uff09\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u300aGNU\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u30021989\u5e74\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5176\u54f2\u5b66\u7684GPL\uff08General Pubulic License\uff09\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u7b2c\u4e00\u7248\u53d1\u5e03\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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